Ugolino and His Sons

He won the Prix de Rome in 1854 which empowered him to live in Rome (1856 †1862). During that time he was affected by crafted by Italian stone workers of the Renaissance time frame, for example, Michelangelo, Donatello, and Andrea Del Verrocchio. He additionally began to expand his emphasis of studies on complex figures and bas-reliefs. His enthusiasm drove him to begin cutting a few pieces on marble before the renowned show-stopper â€Å"Ugolino and His Sons†. Carpeaux was considered as one of the standard craftsmen in Eclecticism.This development needed to surpass Neoclassicism and Romanticism and furthermore portrayed the ombination, in a solitary work, of components from various authentic styles. Carpeaux got numerous distinctions during his lifetime until two months before he kicked the bucket rashly of malignant growth at 48 years old in Courbevoie in 1875 CE. The model snows (Figure 1 a man sitting on a stone cu tted witn chains in his legs. The man's outward appea rances appeared as sorrow while gnawing the tip of a portion of his fingers. The wrinkles on his eyes with his twisted toes on one another gave the feeling of a confused circumstance the man was put in.Surrounding him, there're four ifferent-matured children; two of them on the left half of their dad's situation, as they gave the feeling of taking a gander at their dad asking. What's more, on the correct side, there're the two different children where the littlest child fell on the ground looking dead. The model portrays the story of a swindler who was the Count of Donoratico and was detained by the ecclesiastical overseer Ruggieri degli Ubaldini in the late thirteenth century Oune 1288). The diocese supervisor detained Ugolino with his children and grandsons in the â€Å"Tower of Hunger†.Also, the ecclesiastical overseer requested the fighters to toss the keys of Ugolinds rison in the Arno River so that it is extremely unlikely for them to be liberated. They were condemned t o be left to starve in February 1289. Ugolino had this prophetic dream of the diocese supervisor and his troopers as the ruler and huntsman executing the wolf the wolf fledglings (Ugolino and his posterity). Ugolino had his heart-broken for hearing his children crying in their rest requesting bread. He likewise kept his emotions inside, he had never sobbed, and he used to watch his children sobbing yet him feeling confused incapacitated thinking.Yet his posterity dreams couldn't fill their stomach. Ugolinds kids began to ook at him, asked why he ended up looking like a stone, gnawing his fingers and twisting his toes of one leg on the other one. For them, they felt that their dad is starving Just like them or perhaps more yet for Ugolino himself, he was gnawing his fingers in anguish, sobbing inside for not having the option to take care of his posterity. In this manner, they began to offer their bodies to their dad so he can eat and survive.After scarcely any days, his posterity be gan to tumble down dead one by another till the keep going one kicked the bucket on the 6th day. This part is cited from â€Å"The Divine Comedy, Vol. l: Inferno Canto 33) †Dante Alighieri†. It shows snapshots of death of Ugolinds posterity and the riddle behind the chance of Cannibalism: â€Å"l quieted myself to make them less troubled. That day we sat peacefully, and the following day. O cruel Earth! You ought to have gulped us! The fourth day came, and it was on that day My Gaddo fell prostrate before my feet, Crying: Why dont you help me?

Assessment on English for Cambodian Textbook Uses

Evaluation on English for Cambodian Textbook Uses The fall of the Pol Pot system in 1979 added to another progression toward presenting new unknown dialects Vietnamese, and Russian, in Cambodian instruction framework. Notwithstanding, toward the finish of cold war in late 1989, French and English were reintroduced indeed at lower auxiliary school training after an extensive stretch of denial of showing the two dialects close to the finish of Lon Nol system in 1975 (Igawa, 2008). Albeit French and English have been instructed since the time that time, English has become the main unknown dialect inferable from the way that there has been a changing assignment of language assets from French to English (Clayton, 2006). Since English turns out to be increasingly more compelling language in Cambodia, high consideration has been attracted to make this language increasingly more transferable among school young ladies and young men at essential instruction level from grade 7 to review 12. In the mean time, the fundamental the reason for Lowe r Secondary School (LSS) is to have understudies completely take an interest in the general public and become a beneficial resident. In such manner, the goal of training unknown dialect at that level is set to serve essential open capability for the understudies (MoYES, 2004). To serve the above target, in Lower and Upper Secondary school levels from grade 7 to review 12, MoEYS utilizes the book arrangement named English for Cambodia to show understudies, which was at first guided in 1996-1997 scholastic year (MoEYS, 1999). Prior to the distribution of English for Cambodia (EFC) arrangement, numerous course reading arrangement, for example, Headway, English for Today, and smooth out, to give some examples, were used to show Cambodian Secondary School understudies. Soon after a few tasks had been directed to build up a fitting English course reading for Cambodia, EFC course book arrangement were distributed with six levels in which one level is limited for the entire scholarly year o f each evaluation at both Lower and Upper Secondary schools in Cambodia (Vira, 2002). In grade 7, understudies are to take the main degree of the book named â€Å"English for Cambodia: Book 1†. The book is written in English remembering the informative part for the main area. The course book content is sorted out on the sentence structure premise containing various parts which each is partitioned into 4 or 3 units to clarify the objective punctuation, a few drills utilizing the language structure, short exchanges with inquiries to check for understanding, and understanding writings. From the substance, every part in this manner orientates understudies towards open objective (MoEYS, 1999). English for Cambodia, book one, was created in types of teacher’s guide and understudy book in regard to MoEYS Textbook Master Plan (1996) and helped out Cambodian research organizations. This reading material was structured based on MoEYS English Syllabus for grade 7 understudies and joined by the instructing system created by educator coaches during instructional class for Lower Secondary English students. Specifically, the fundamental highlights of encouraging approach in this book is portrayed as: upgrading 4 language aptitude rehearses to be specific tuning in, talking, perusing, and composing; rehearsing linguistic structure and jargon and presenting orderly and proper methods for informative language work; different successful instructing and learning procedure introduced in every unit; and standard connection among understudies and educators (MoEYS, 1999).

Should you get KVM VPS Hosting for WordPress

Should you get KVM VPS Hosting for WordPress Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Should you get KVM VPS Hosting for WordPress?Updated On 05/12/2018Author : Ram kumarTopic : Web HostingShort URL : https://hbb.me/2KVSLGj CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogIf you are moving on from a 100% free blog site, or just starting out with an independent WordPress site you’ve made a smart decision. There may be more responsibilities that come along with a site you need to organize hosting for, compared to the free sites, but the freedom to customize your own site, along with the extra security and 100% ownership of the content makes it very worth it, so long as you make the right choice of host.So the burning question is what kind of hosting do you want to go for, and in this case, is KVM VPS hosting worth getting for a WordPress blog site? The answer is pretty simple; it’s huge, shout it out YES! Here’s why.You get your own resourcesIt may sound a bit gree dy but who wants to share a server with random strangers? VPS stands for virtual private server â€" so there you have it. Your own server. Shared hosting is a bit like living in a student house share. It may be cheaper but the security and privacy can be compromised quite easily, and there’s always someone around waiting to use your leftovers before you could even say that was okay!VPS + KVM = an excellent resourceKVM stands for Kernel-based Virtual Machine, and it is situated right above a server but not dependent on it. KVMs are known for being extremely reliable, and they are also very flexible.A KVM VPS host is more reliableWeb browsers want instant this and instant that â€" they want pages that load quickly, images that don’t trigger a spinning egg timer for days, and a site that’s pretty much always available. A KVM VPS hosting option means you are never left with huge stretches of downtime â€" while a shared server can be brought down by others using it in an instant. A slow or often unavailable website really damages your SEO ranking too, which isn’t very surprising but is incredibly frustrating when this happens and it isn’t your fault.READCloud Hosting: More Secure Than You Might ThinkA KVM VPS host is more secureImagine a VPS as a secure building with one entrance to protect, while shared hosting is like a building with multiple ways in and out. Inevitably it is more vulnerable to hackers who may be looking to steal sensitive data from the clients or customers who use your WordPress site or just spread viruses for badness. In some situations, certain sites can be the focus of an attack which is intended to disrupt or close the site. You should take every possible precaution to stay safe and secure.A KVM VPS host can be affordableMany people assume that any kind of private server will be crazily expensive but that isn’t actually true in all cases. There are plenty of top quality VPS providers able to organize a contract that best meets your needs for a reasonable fee. Of course, you may expect to pay a little more if you are running a serious and growing business from a WordPress site, but even then this is a very good value option.For more information on KVM VPS hosting, check out the following article: https://javapipe.com/hosting/kvm-vps/

The Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay - 1128 Words

Isaac Newton was an English Physicist, Mathematician, Astronomer, Philosopher, Alchemist and a Theologian. He can be seen as one of the most influential men in history, as well as one of the greatest scientists ever lived, for all of his contributions, discoveries and hard work. He was very influential in the Sciences, many are tied together with one another; he also made a great contribution to Astronomy. Isaac Newton was born January 4, 1963 in Woolsthrope, Lincolnshire. He died March 31, 1727 in London. At this time, England hadn’t adopted the Georgian Calendar (they didn’t until 1752), so technically he was born on Christmas Day, December 25, 1642. He was born the same year in which Galileo had died. Newton was born prematurely,†¦show more content†¦After this the college had to close down, due to the plague, which had reached Cambridge at this point. He went home for two years, during which the college was closed. During this time he focused on Mathematics and Physics, and he first understood the theory of gravitation. When he returned to Trinity College he began to work on Alchemy. Soon thereafter, he became Lucasian Professor, where his first class was the topic and study of optics. Isaac Newton invented Calculus, which was a mathematical instrument for all understanding of variables and motion and all mechanical engineering. It became much easier to solve problems and come up with discoveries having to do with motion, such as Newton’s theory of gravitational force. Isaac Newton has made some important discoveries and contributions to science. He has made many discoveries, but didn’t always like to go public with them, and kept them to himself. One of his first major scientific achievements and made him well known, was the invention of the reflecting telescope in 1668. He invented, designed, and constructed it. The reflecting telescope was a huge advance in technology at this time, and is one of the earliest known functional reflecting telescopes. It is an optical telescope that uses either a single or multiple mirrors that reflect light and form an image. Isaac Newton created everything by hand; he grounded the mirror, built the tube and made his own tools to doShow MoreRelated The Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay990 Words   |  4 PagesSir Isaac Newton was a profound mathematician and physicist, one of the primary scientificintellects of all time. For almost 300 years, Newton has been known as the leader in scientific achievements of modern physical science as well as mathematical research. Dedicated to learning and experimenting, Newton also plunged into chemistry, early history of Western Civilization and theology, and a concentration of special studies in forms and dimensions, which also included Solomons Temple in JerusalemRead MoreEssay on The Contributions of Isaac Newton973 Words   |  4 Pages Sir Isaac Newton is considered by many people to be the greatest scientist that ever lived. He made key fundamental contributions to mathematics and physics. His revolutionary advances in math, optics, physics, and astronomy are bases for the principles we use today. A little known fact about Newtons legacy is that if you look in an encyclopedia of science, it will reveal at least 2 to 3 times more references to Newton than any other individual scientist. Newton was bornRead MoreThe Endless Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesSir Isaac Newton once said, â€Å"We build too many walls and not enough bridges.† Aside from his countless contributions to the worlds of math and science, this may be his most important quote because it is what he based his life on—building bridges of knowledge. Throughout his life he was devoted to expanding his and others knowledge past previously known realms. Often regarded of the father of calculus, Newton contributed many notable ideas and functions to the world through his creation of calculusRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton to The Scientific Revolution1064 Words   |  5 Pages The Scientific Revolution laid down a foundation in which modern science is heavily based on. An influential figure of the Scientific Revolution is Sir Isaac Newton. He made many advancements in the field of science and mathematics, he discovered Gravity, developed the t hree basic laws of motion, and co-development of Calculus. Isaac Newton did several thing that positively affected the scientific community during the Scientific Revolution and still affect society today, he recognized the threeRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pagesthings including mathematics. Among them was Isaac Newton (1642-1727) who co-invented calculus, discovered the Binomial Theorem, and formulated a theory of universal gravitation (Smith). Newton has been regarded for almost 300 years as the founding exemplar of modern physical science, his achievements in experimental investigation being as innovative as these in mathematical research. Before discussing his three achievements, it is important to note that Newton had some college experience but did hisRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pages Sir Isaac Newton was a well educated person. He wrote on many topics including math, science, religion, and even philosophy. He also held many high ranking positions such as a member of the Royal Society and being the Master of the Mint. Information about his life and achievements will be discussed in the following paragraphs, along with how the achievements relate to the humanities base theme of faith and reason. Sir Isaac Newton was born on Christmas Day in 1642. This is theRead More The Contributions of Isaac Newton Essays1626 Words   |  7 Pages Isaac Newton was born in Lincolnshire, on December 25, 1642. He was educated at Trinity College in Cambridge, and resided there from 1661 to 1696 during which time he produced the majority of his work in mathematics. During this time New ton developed several theories, such as his fundamental principles of gravitation, his theory on optics otherwise known as the Lectiones Opticae, and his work with the Binomial Theorem. This is only a few theories that that Isaac Newton contributed to the worldRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay863 Words   |  4 Pages Isaac Newton was born in England in 1642. He grew up never knowing his real father but resenting his step father. At age 19, Newton went off to Trinity College in Cambridge where he studied philosophers and astronomers such as Descartes, Galileo, Kepler, and Copernicus. I t was here; while he obtained his degree, that Newton devised the theory of Calculus. He obtained his degree in 1665 and then dedicated his time to the binomial theory and Calculus.1 By 1666 Newton was the most advanced and enlightenedRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesNature and natures laws lay hid in night: God said, let Newton be! And all was light. - - Alexander Pope The Enlightenment characterizes a philosophical movement of the 18th century that emphasized the use of reason to analyze and scrutinize all previously accepted traditions and doctrines. Through this application of scientific method to all aspects of life, the role of science gradually replaced the role of religion. Sir Isaac Newton, quite possibly one of the most intelligent men to existRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesOf all of the early scientists of the scientific revolution I am most impressed by Sir Isaac Newton. Newton is important because he contributed more to the development of science than any other person in history. Isaac Newton is remembered as the greatest scientific genius who ever lived. His discoveries about physics, light, and mathematics changed the world. I am even more impressed by what he overcame to reach his goals. He came to surpass even his own expectations

Jewish, Early Christian, Byzantine and Islamic Art

Teri Wilson March 1, 2010 Professor Hollinger Module 5 JEWISH, EARLY CHRISTIAN, BYZANTINE AND ISLAMIC ART Every religion has its own approach to art and architecture. An assessment between different traditions can offer an illuminating insight into the varying religious outlooks and theologies. Architecture, as well as art, is influenced by a number of forces in society, in the environment, in the psychology of the people who produce it, and in different institutions. It is an expression of inner feelings and beliefs and so naturally is influenced by religion in many societies. Religious architecture is created to experience the sacred, to provide a place into which spiritual energies flow and reflect a sense of the divine. Some†¦show more content†¦With the adoption of Christianity as the official religion, art was able, so to speak, to come above ground in the old pagan city of Rome, and painting, instead of being restricted to the decoration of the walls of the Catacombs or of small chambers and chapels, came into use on a large scale in the new churches that were at once se t up. At the same time patronage moved from the hands of the poorer classes to the richer, and artists of outstanding quality came to be employed as well as those of obscurer character, who would work for small fees (www.religion-online.org). To wall painting was added the more luxurious art of mosaic; numerous sculptures were done, and minor objects, often in expensive materials, were in addition produced in the service of the Church, so that art production became at the same time both more extensive and more luxurious (www.religion-online.org ). A great deal of the work that was done at this time has of course perished, more especially that in fragile materials, such as textiles or paintings on panels, but a few mosaics of the fourth century and a good many more of the fifth survive in Rome, and there is quite a lot of sculpture, both on a large scale in stone and on a small in ivory. Something has already been said about the ivories, more especially the Consular diptychs, which n ecessarily form a part of the general picture, though it is not alwaysShow MoreRelatedAncient Islamic Art And Architecture1735 Words   |  7 PagesQur’anic inscriptions in Islamic art and architecture are common use to honor the words of God. These features not only illustrate the direct relationship between Allah and the Muslims, but they also represent a set of rules that seek to unify different religious groups under Islamic caliphate and design a reminder for citizens to pass on Islamic traditions to future generations. This set of rules defines the authoritarian importance of Islamic law disapproval of iconography of any kind. The Qur’anRead MoreThe Dome Of The Rock1685 Words   |  7 PagesJerusalem, in modern times, represents a religious space to Muslims, Christians, and Jews. Jerusalem is defined by its long history of change and development. Early primary sources details and justifies the religious significance of the city. Each of the major religions tha t revere Jerusalem has their own reasoning. Prior to the Christian and Islamic belief, the Jewish believers associate Jerusalem with Davidic rule and the First and Second Temple on the Temple Mount. Muslims regard Jerusalem asRead MoreMuslim World Cosmopolitanism1699 Words   |  7 PagesLA ILAHA ILLALLAH, no god but Allah, is the most fundamental and oft-chanted phrase of the Islamic belief. It simultaneously negates the existence of all other deities, and affirms the divinity of the only one true God, Allah---all in one breath. It is truly the most exclusive and iconoclastic claim that rejects the notion of anyone being divine except Allah. The American Heritage Dictionary defines ‘cosmopolitan’ as something that is â€Å"common to the whole world,† or a person who is â€Å"at homeRead MoreThe First Crusades During The Crusades1771 Words   |  8 PagesJeet Kothari Mr. Turner Honors British Literature A 29 January 2016 The First Crusades The First Crusades were military planned missions planned by Christian leaders; the proclaimed purpose was to recover Jerusalem as well as Antioch, which were in an area known as the Holy Land, from the controls of Turks. The reason why they feature so prominently in history is because they were one of the longest battles in history. All three of the Crusades lasted about 200 years. Additionally, the CrusadesRead MoreThe Islam : The Holy Of The Arab Prophet Muhammad1703 Words   |  7 Pagesthe word of God. (e) The Sharia is the code of laws that are derived from the teachings of the Quran and the prophet Muhammad. These laws were the interpretation of what type of behavior was accepted by God. (f)†People of the Book† refers to Christians and Jewish people who believe in the same God as one another. To Muslims, these people were spiritually superior to religions who believed in the worship of multiple Gods. 2. (a) The Hijra is a journey from Mecca to Yathrib that Muhammad took in 622.Read MoreThe Birthplace Of Christianity : Israel1367 Words   |  6 Pagesright to vote began to shape in the final decade of the nineteenth century because of the immigration of Jews to Erez Israel (Palestine). It was based on democratic procedure of representation and women were initially granted the right to vote as early as 1920, but women’s right to vote was not granted. Voting was later achieved after an extended struggle between 1918-1926. The required age for people to vote is 18 years old. The National Insurance Law provides for a standardized basket of medicalRead MoreIslamic Textile History3202 Words   |  13 PagesIslamic Textile History : Textile Images. Of the many diverse arts that flourished in the early Islamic period, textiles played an especially significant role in society, one that continued in subsequent periods. Textiles were ubiquitous in Islamic lands, serving as clothing, household furnishings, and portable architecture (tents). The manufacture of and trade in textiles were highly sophisticated and profitable industries that built upon Byzantine and Sasanian traditions. Often made with costlyRead MoreThe Monotheistic Religions Of Palestine2134 Words   |  9 PagesPalestine has a long history of being ruled by different empires, all of which followed different religions. Its culture has been exposed to the influence of the Greeks, the Romans, the Byzantines, the Ottomans and a few others. It is in the heart of the Middle East and it houses the three major monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam; Judaism being one of the oldest religions, dating as far back as 2000 BCE in Canaan. Christianity, which then took into Judaism’s steps spread moreRead MoreEarly Civilian Matrix Essay2503 Words   |  11 PagesEarly Civilizations Matrix Using your readings and outside sources, complete the following matrix. Be sure to address the following in your matrix Provide names, titles, dates, brief descriptions of important events, and other details, as necessary. Note the details of key political, socioeconomic, technological, artistic, musical, architectural, philosophical, and literary developments for each civilization listed in the table, which were evidenced in the humanities. Properly cite the sources youRead MoreJudaism And The Jewish Prayer3766 Words   |  16 PagesJudaism †¢ The base of Jewish worship is the prayers. These prayers are found in the Jewish prayer book called the siddur. Along with the prayers, there are typically comments and instructions in the siddur as well. Traditional Jews are expected to recite three prayers per day: one in the morning (Shacharit), the afternoon (Mincha), and the evening (Ma’ariv). More prayers will be recited on Sabbath and other Jewish holidays. The ideal worship includes attending a synagogue and getting into a group

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay - 1270 Words

Friedrich Nietzsche once said, â€Å"That which does not kill us makes us stronger.†(Bailey, Eileen) While this is often the case, certain tragedies are simply too overwhelming for the body and mind to recover from. Instead of making one stronger, some things leave the human body weakened both emotionally and physically. When faced with gargantuan amounts of stress, some people have mental or emotional breakdowns resulting in post-traumatic stress disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder, commonly known as PTSD, is an anxiety disorder that can occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic or life threatening event that causes intense feelings of fear or helplessness. PTSD affects most people differently depending on the individual, but†¦show more content†¦Dr. Jacob Mendez Da Costa, a physician during the Civil War, ran studies on many wounded Union soldiers. He discovered that they had rapid heart rates and high blood pressure combined with severe exhaustion and the ability to be easily startled. Though PTSD was yet a known disorder, it was clear that the men’s symptoms were caused because of the disturbing things they had seen and experienced in battle.(Thomas 10) During World War I, similar symptoms arose among the soldiers. Physicians began calling it â€Å"shell shock† or â€Å"combat fatigue.† Charles Myers, a psychologist serving at the front, wrote that shell shock occurs â€Å"where the tolerable or controllable limits of horror, fear, and anxiety are overstepped.†(Thomas 11) Many of the soldiers were considered to be crazy. They were evacuated, hospitalized, and often treated with electric shock treatments. Men who wandered away from the front on their own were branded deserters and set before a firing squad.(Thomas 12) Many veterans suffered after the Vietnam War. Even though so many soldiers had suffered for over a century, the medical community still had not recognized their symptoms as a defined and treatable disease. There was no medical name for the set of symptoms that plagued so many veterans, and no organization to help them.Show MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder980 Words   |  4 PagesToday we are here to figure out why is it that past events are the triggers that cause Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an anxiety disorder that some people get after seeing or undergoing a dangerous event. There are various symptoms that begin to show or actions that can give a clear answer whether one may be diagnosed with this disorder. One of the many problems is that no age range is safe from suffering PTSD. One must ask themselves what set of events happenedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder851 Words   |  3 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder Introduction â€Å"There are currently over 400,000 Veterans in treatment for PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) and it is estimated that with the Iraq and Afghanistan wars there is an additional 33% increase in our returning soldiers.† Post Traumatic Stress Disorder has become a severe issue for veterans returning from overseas. One of the most effective, yet unused resources given to veterans to help them cope with their disorder is specially trained dogs. TheseRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder884 Words   |  4 Pagesof traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes.† (NIMH) Families of veterans struggle to help their loved ones. â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder caused by a person’s exposure to life-threatening or otherwise traumatic circumstances.† (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder affectsRead MorePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder1630 Words   |  7 Pagesare now accessing mental health services for the treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) defined by DSM-IV-TR is â€Å"characterised by the re-experiencing of an extremely traumatic event accompanied by symptoms of increased arousal and by avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma† (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2000). There are many impacts and effects this disorder has on refugees requiring treatment, interventions, education andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder1004 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent criteria of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder has changed since the DSM-IV. In the DSM-V, the diagnostic criteria draws a clearer line when detailing what establishes a traumatic event. The DSM-V pays more attention to the behavioral symptoms that accompany PTSD and proposes four distinct diagnostic cluster s instead of three. They are described as re-experiencing, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood, and arousal. Re-experiencing is the spontaneous memories of the traumatic event, recurrentRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder1086 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst hand the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder. It is not possible to respond to emergency after emergency and not be subject to some of PTSD’s effects. When I saw this topic in the list I felt compelled to use this opportunity to learn more. My hope is by increasing my knowledge, of a disorder so prevalent in my career field; I can recognize the symptoms in others and myself before there effect becomes devastating. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD as it is more commonly referredRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. Much of the general public and many mental health professionals doubted whether PTSD was a true disorder (NIMH)Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Trau matic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. In 2014, Chris Kyle playedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pages84.8% of those diagnosed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder still show moderate impairment of symptoms, even 30 plus years after the war (Glover 2014). As of today, the Unites States has 2.8 million veterans who served in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, of those it is estimated that 11 to 20% currently suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. As of 2013, a total of 12,632 veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars are currently diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Glover 2014). Of course it

Team Project (Transformational leadership) Global Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Team Project (Transformational leadership) for Global Leadership. Answer: Introduction The report is prepared aiming the contemporary issue and case of failure in Yahoo due to poor leadership decisions of Marissa Mayer. A few articles propose that Mayer's choice over consummation the practices from remote work at Yahoo is of no sense by any stretch of the imagination (Hartung). The case circumstance shows the wrongly treated side effects of group administration. The report suitably discusses the brief about the case study showing the failure of Marissa Mayer in Yahoo administration. The case study identified some leadership mistakes and among them, some particular issues are accounted in the identification section. The section studies how other business can mitigate those issues later on. Furthermore, the report includes the dimensions of global leadership in context of Yahoo incident and failure of such case study (James). The aspects of global leadership are supported with learning model with three levels with leading personnel. Team management is to be managed within these levels with identifying the problems of globalization. The issues might be leader-centric and dominated within the study (Myatt). The recommendations are included within later section along with mitigating decision-making issues in context of leadership. Brief about the Case Study The case study is considered as the failure of Yahoo due to poor leadership decisions of Marissa Mayer. In this situation, the main aspect is pointed clearly that she made a rookie mistake in leadership context(Aktas and Hanges). Every struggling enterprise in business, the CEO faces new challenges to make certain decisions. However, in this case, there is no yielding over easy dealing situations; Marissa Mayer bears no indication of becoming crucial leader in critical scenarios of Yahoo(Carter). She has acquired better tenure about leadership from Google, gained better knowledge and most contemporary issue is that Yahoos board has no idea about the pandemonium. Again, the recent articles suggest that Mayers decision over ending the practices from remote work at Yahoo is of no sense at all (Li and Begley). Therefore, the rationalization and justifications are worthless. The justifications were not supposed to make the bad scenario of such decisions into a good one, even the situation goes beyond the circumstances of such decision. The real leadership technicalities lacked in positive aspects and implications of global management(Anderson and Sun). The case situation is prior to wrongly treated symptoms of team management. Moreover, the remote working should not be ceased; rather the participation, involvement, and engagement in work should be encouraged from her side. The bold move of removing remote work culture is always ineffective if the bold move is not relevant to healthy leadership practices (Flemes and ed). The debate is over flexibility of working remotely or considered as the center of agenda in this classic case of ill-treated leadership. The problem is that the decision is cavalier, and flawed. Therefore, Marissa Mayer should consider the workforce and its capability over Yahoo; otherwise, the workforce should be encouraged with engendering trust and confidence(Witt and Stahl). The main blunder lies in making radical changes; she should consider the personnel belief and trustworthiness to portray genuine impact over productivity(Hartung). Her sense of urgency is admirable though the lack of finesse is underwhelming. Issue of the Case The change in work culture is suitable for any organization, however; drastic change is not solely supported from any struggling organization(Gaddis and Foster). She should consider revision of work process, try to integrate training, include improvement in workforce performance; sudden prevention of remote work is not acceptable. James opined that she should consider suitable terms and regulations, to deal with situation with time and effort. One should not pollute the work process without improving the culture; Marissa Mayer made the wrong choice in this particular part. CEO as Bill Gates, Richard Branson, and others made their choice to include remote workers as additional contributors in their individual organization; therefore, the question arises, why Yahoo does not allow them(Myatt). Again, Best Buy incorporated remote workers within the organizational aspects, and they declared their flexible work culture. The flexibility should consider with greater quality check of work and rescheduling of work process to minimize delay. This should be accounted in Yahoo to maintain remote and current work culture within global managerial perspective. Marissa Mayer made the contemporary issue and still she can reduce the problem with cost cutting in near future(Mueller and Terlutter). She should understand the primary need for Yahoo, rather making work culture limited to global team management. The identified issues are following: Encouraging legitimate status in work, she tried to build her own brand image in this part. She should have raised public visibility after Yahoo is fixed, but she tried to overpower herself within work in progress(Anderson and Sun). One must consider every aspect with more importance rather she does. Removing remote workers is another faulty decision in this aspect; she decided the policy to compel remote workers to come in Yahoo (Gaddis and Foster). On the flipside, many organizations carried out their work process with successful remote workers. Therefore, Yahoo should consider the remote workers with same preference and priority. Identification of the Dimensions in Global Leadership In terms of cultivating specific and suitable leadership practice, some analysts have claimed that human resources and other personnel are considered to conduct a study that identified critical success factors(Akhtar). The global leadership dimensions and success factors are identified as following: Better performance in personnel: The people are evaluated with well view and enlarged perception, however, the better leadership dimension suggests the authenticity with building trust (Carter). The strategic working connection in between people is needed to engage, motivate and inspire certain groups within several cultures. Mastering mobilization: The mobilization in resources is increased with flexibility in an organized way. The mobilization exhibits leadership in influencing the resources globally. Visionary to people capability: The leadership thinks out-of-the-box and considers the effective ambiguity managing with leadership flair, to advise strategies in making suitable outcomes in to higher level (Quintana and Cabrera). Contextual framework of leadership: Global leadership displays adaptability and exhibits cultural sensitive cases among ability to behavior modification for different situations. The situations may circulate around locality and audience selections. Intellectuality in leadership: Leadership aspects consider conceptual and strategic decisions to deal both complexity and ambiguity (Witt and Stahl). The intellectualism considers the strategic and tactical decisions with reducing problems from other decision-making. Aspects of Global Motivation and Team Management Global leadership is identified as managing integrated enterprise across several boundaries of stakeholders and their gaps in team management, the boundaries may be cultural, legal, regulatory, and economic systems(Ramsey). The leadership offers operation in multiple circumstances trying to achieve a common and recognized objective. In brief, global leadership is most significant with dimensions of activity irrelevant to businesses of single market operation(Aktas and Hanges). The global leadership attributes might become accessible to be necessary for team management. Increased globalization in leadership is not a new phenomenon, expansion of business and increasing of complexity exhibits such practices. Moreover, several companies took this situation as competition to consider the global leadership in practices (Anderson and Sun). Following pyramid is considered as learning model of global leadership. The model is segmented within three levels as project, theory limitations, western theory premises, cultural limitations, and issues. Figure 1: Learning Model of Global Leadership Source: (Phaneuf) Globalization issues: The globalization issues are identified as extent of globalization, national entrenchment, social rules, adaptation, and sensitivity in leadership. The issues are discussed as: Globalization can be within specific issues for economic, political and with most likely to face lacking in alternatives(Carter) National entrenchment is found in unexpected outcomes of global leadership Social rules are adapted to be external within cosmetic world limiting the cultural layers Cultural adaptation is another potential issue in terming the comfortableness of social conflicts, the social subsystems in organization can be major concern due to lack of interaction(Aktas and Hanges) Sensitivity is in consideration of effective leadership beyond cultural barriers of stakeholders. Cultural influences: The cultural influences may be defined with following models as Wren-Swatez Model, Hofstedes Value Dimensions, and GLOBE Study Value Dimensions. The Wren-Swatez Model shows the relationship in between the leaders and followers (Mabey and Nicholds). The micro factors are considered as organizational goals, culture specific tasks and particular objectives. Again, in Hofstedes Value Dimensions, the personnels cultural home is considered as a window to look through leadership in global aspect(Witt and Stahl). There are certain factors to be considered for determining the cultural gaps in gender discrimination, power distance, individualism, and orientations. The GLOBE Study Value Dimensions have major impact on implicit theories of global leadership(Ramsey). This particular value dimension relates the concept within several countries in meeting all factors above-mentioned. Western theory premises: The western theories consider the key factors as leader-centric, male-dominated, universal traits, task relationship balancing, quantifiable performance of employees, and individualism(Quintana and Cabrera). The theories applied for this individualism and quantifiable performance of stakeholders. The primary traits are considered as intelligence, self-confidence, determination, and integrity. Major consideration should be on cultural and sociability factors in team management(Li and Begley). The task relationship balancing is based on follower behavior and positive leadership impact over workforce. Cultural constraints in western theories: The cultural barriers are quite similar to the premises impact over the global leadership(Akhtar). The major differences in between these are in individualism of employees in following leaders. Country and project limitations: The cultural aspects as societal patterns are major accountable points in country based leadership. The evaluation of this particular case study is related in this level, as Marissa Mayer considered remote workers to be in Yahoo premises(Gaddis and Foster). However, the employees should be provided with personal choices in terms of remoteness regarding work culture. The primary effective leadership should consider remote workforce with gaining positive outcome from them. Conclusion and Recommendations After this discussion, it can be concluded that remote workers are considered inside the hierarchical viewpoints, and they are adapted within their adaptable work society. The adaptability ought to consider with more noteworthy quality check of work and rescheduling of work procedure to minimize delay. On the flipside, numerous associations completed their work procedure with suitable remote workers. The preparation shows authority in affecting the assets all around. Worldwide administration shows flexibility and displays social touchy cases among capacity to conduct alteration for various circumstances. Initiative perspectives consider reasonable and vital choices to bargain both many-sided quality and equivocalness. The worldwide administration credits may get to be open to be vital for group administration. The model is portioned inside three levels as venture, hypothesis impediments, western hypothesis premises, social confinements, and issues. The globalization issues are recognized as degree of globalization, national entrenchment, social tenets, adjustment, and affectability in initiative. National entrenchment is found in surprising results of worldwide administration, affectability is concerning compelling authority past social obstructions of partners. The social obstructions are very like the premises' effect over the worldwide initiative. The social viewpoints as societal examples are major responsible focuses in nation-based initiative. The organization ought to consider remote workforce with increasing positive result from them. Macroeconomic theory suggests that three points as productivity, unemployment, and inflation. The recommendations are stated as following: Implement suitable recognition program to increase teamwork and quality of performance in team Encourage social and cultural activities for engaging people with informal meeting with each other Outline proper roles for stakeholders to encourage members work ability and capable group work Identification of existing problems to empower project team dynamics with mitigating issues in globalization Mediate disputes from the culture of team management to solve other issues from negative effects incorporation Works Cited Akhtar, Pervaiz, et al. ""Data-driven and adaptive leadership contributing to sustainability: Global agri-food supply chains connected with emerging markets."." International Journal of Production Economics (2015). Aktas, Mert, Michele Gelfand and Paul Hanges. ""Cultural tightnesslooseness and perceptions of effective leadership."." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology (2015). Anderson, Marc H. and Peter YT Sun. ""Reviewing leadership styles: Overlaps and the need for a new fullà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ rangetheory."." International Journal of Management Reviews (2015). Carter, Dorothy R., et al. ""Leadership for global virtual teams: Facilitating teamwork processes."." Leading Global Teams (2015): 225-252. Flemes, Daniel and ed. Regional leadership in the global system: ideas, interests and strategies of regional powers. Routledge, 2016. Gaddis, Blaine H. and Jeff L. Foster. ""Metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Analysis of Dark Side Personality Characteristics and Critical Work Behaviors among Leaders across the Globe: Findings and Implications for Leadership Development and Executive Coaching."." Applied Psychology 64.1 (2015): 25-54. Hartung, Adam. "Forbes Welcome". 14 December 2015. 14 July 2016 https://www.Forbes.com. James, Geoffrey. "Marissa Mayer's Top 10 Leadership Mistakes". 2015. 14 July 2016 https://www.Inc.com. Li, Chaoping, Hao Zhao and Thomas M. Begley. ""Transformational leadership dimensions and employee creativity in China: A cross-level analysis."." Journal of Business Research 68.6 (2015): 1149-1156. Mabey, Christopher and Alyson Nicholds. ""Discourses of knowledge across global networks: What can be learnt about knowledge leadership from the ATLAS collaboration?."." International Business Review 24. (2015): 43-54. Mueller, Barbara, Sandra Diehl and Ralf Terlutter. ""GLOBE Cultural Dimensions: Providing Insights for Advertising Execution in the Global Marketplace."." Advances in Advertising Research (Vol. V), Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden (2015): 161-175. Myatt, Mike. "Forbes Welcome". 2015. 14 July 2016 https://www.Forbes.com. Phaneuf, Julie-Elaine, et al. ""Personality and transformational leadership: The moderating effect of organizational context."." Personality and Individual Differences 102 (2016): 30-35. Quintana, Teresa Aguiar, Sangwon Park and Yasmina Araujo Cabrera. ""Assessing the effects of leadership styles on employees outcomes in international luxury hotels."." Journal of Business Ethics 129.2 (2015): 469-489. Ramsey, Jase R., et al. ""Developing global transformational leaders."." Journal of World Business (2016). Witt, Michael A. and Gnter K. Stahl. ""Foundations of responsible leadership: Asian versus Western executive responsibility orientations toward key stakeholders."." Journal of Business Ethics (2015): 1-16.

Ministry and Context Reflection Paper Essay Sample free essay sample

During this class. ( Ministry A ; Context ) . I have grown enormously in my theological apprehensions. This category has helped me to be able to put things in which. I deemed impossible to world. I was able to link the idea of practicum and the cognition of practice in this category. This paper will give a theological analysis. while reviewing the focal point of the subjects in which I presented in category. I will besides portion and reflect critically on the feedback of remarks and penetrations gleamed during the category treatments. Third. I will research and place important findings for my personal and religious development and future battle in ministry. And eventually. I will give my reasoning theological ideas about the readings. my site. my personal development. and the category. Repeat the IssuesFrom reading the text. I rapidly identified with the writer Hill Harper’s The Conversation. In the seventeenth chapter Harper negotiations about Anger. We will write a custom essay sample on Ministry and Context Reflection Paper Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Forgiveness. and Learning to allow travel. One of my most freighting frights is the idea of person death and holding a score. or being huffy. In my family tree we have ever struggled with forgiving and being in control. [ 1 ] My personal issues are that I struggle with are. as Hill Harper writes. â€Å"Maybe you grew up with a male parent who was commanding. You know that doesn’t mean that all work forces are commanding. Still you maintain your guard up and act in a manner that lets the work forces in your life know that you’re merely non holding it. that they will non and can non command you. Possibly your female parent is critical of you. but that doesn’t mean all adult females will be critical. Still. you keep your guard up and set every adult female in your life on notice: you will non and can non digest their unfavorable judgment and cilium out as a consequence. In personal life. the functions are switched. my female parent is commanding and my male parent is more critical. As a kid turning I remember my female parent. ever being in control and my male parent always-sitting back being the critical 1. A batch of my defeats came from this apprehension. My mother’s commanding inclinations have ever pushed me the incorrect manner. I think her love for being in control have pushed me to be rebellious. and be inexorable about me commanding my ideas. my actions. and my life. Locate My site is Willie A. Watkins Funeral Home. and my some of the site challenges. my cousin is the proprietor and he likes to be critical and ever be in charge. We have a changeless conflict from twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours. about who’s truly in charge. Although I understand and realize that it is his concern. I know that I have an sentiment. These jobs are invariably issues that I see that set uping. my ministry. I know and understand that these types of people both listed in my personal and site will be in my parish. in my ministry and even in my place. So I have to go a bigger individual and be able to cover with hard people and do the best out of the state of affairs. My ultimate job I have is with being controlled. and that is because I have failed to give God all the power in my life. This has become a changeless battle in my life. As a kid I have ever relied on myself for everything. Although I believe and trust God. I have neer given God all the power in my lif e. This is portion of the ground I am invariably in conflict with ego. Contemplations on feedback As I reflect on the feedback from my category presentation. I have learned that I am non the lone 1 that feels like this. Based on my responses it is profoundly celebrated that I am non the lone individual that has a desire to be in control of their life and their state of affairss. My equals wrote a batch of different things about my journey. personal. and site experiences based on my presentation in category. Majority of my equals inserted that I need to concentrate on practising humbleness. and happening my passion for ministry. These contemplations were good penetration about my personal ego. I invariably see that I feel like I have made it. I feel like I have paid my dues by finishing seminary and making the basic demands of the church. The sad world of this circumstance is the thought that I haven’t made anything. I haven’t proved myself worthy of a place or even a occupation. One can non take. if one doesn’t know or even want to follow. III Exploring and placing important findings what did I learn from review In the class of this educational twelvemonth. the Ministry A ; Context category has caused me to make some honest self contemplation. IT has aid with my personal development. ministry ends. and linking practice and practical. A. Personal Development My personal development is profoundly rooted in me. being a 25 twelvemonth old male. and invariably contending myself. and God. on twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours rudimentss seeking to acquire where I want to be. I intentionally dig deep into my life and see countries that need to be reexamined for betterment. My attitude about my position and my places invariably affects my relationships. communicating and engagement with others. While reading the feedback from my category. it brought me off of my ain clout and forced me to be in tuned with myself. my community. and my current context. As I prepare to go forth ITC and measure into the existent universe as a sermonizer. instructor. and adult male of God. I have to ever retrieve the advice given by my fellow schoolmates. be low. and ever reaffirm my passions in life and in ministry. and finally seeking God for counsel. B. Spiritual development My religious development has been a long procedure in which I believe has grounded me in listening to God. and reacting to God’s call. As a kid I have ever prayed to God. while inquiring God to repair certain fortunes in my life. Unfortunately I neer took the clip to listen to the voice of God and God’s call for me. The seminary procedure and peculiarly the Ministry and Context category has brought to my witting. how one should hear the voice of God and how one responds to God’s call in their personal life. This procedure has strengthened my love for God and my ideas on my relationship with God. C. Future battle in ministry My future battle in ministry will dwell of retrieving and encompassing the current. yesteryear. and present battles of life. My future battle requires me to incorporate my seminary experience. categories. and personal contemplations. This engagement shall be entirely God focused. while researching the religious walk. the procedure. and adulthood of ego and personal development. Some of my hereafter ends for ministry are to go a board certified chaplain. pattern societal justness. and develop a church works. As a chaplain I believe that my brushs with the people that I will come into contact will continually remind me of my personal ends. growing. and development. In decision. this paper has discussed my personal development for this category. It has included my site. site issues. and contemplations taken from the category. This paper has besides integrated my category feedback. and programs for deduction in my personal. religious development. and future battle in ministry. With these contemplations. I have broadened my mentality on my ministry and program to actively prosecute these contemplations in my ministry. Throughout this class I been encouraged. enlightened. and empowered. I am really appreciative for this alone experience. Mentions: [ 1 ] Harper. Hill â€Å"The Conversation† : How Black Men and Women can construct swearing Relationships ( New York: Gotham Books ) . 2009. 195-199.

Statement of financial problem Essays

Statement of financial problem Essays Statement of financial problem Essay Statement of financial problem Essay I am using the Indirect Statement of Cash Flows method to analyze the Butler Lumber case. When a company seems profitable but is in serious need of a cash infusion, often the problem stems from poor cash flow. Calculating the cash flow coming in and going out will explain Where did our money come from? and Where did our money go? Likely, it will discover how a companys cash was generated during the period and how that cash was used-or misused. A statement of cash flows provides details as to how the cash account changed during a period. It also helps to understand how events and decisions impacted cash flow during each period. A statement of cash flows provides important information from a cash-basis perspective and complements the income statement and balance sheet, and provides a more complete picture of a companys operations and financial position. The Indirect Statement of Cash Flows method begins with net income and then details the adjustments made to ar rive at cash flows from operations. III. Application of Financial Framework. Indirect Statement of Cash Flows Butler Lumber 1989 through 1st Quarter 1991 Operating Activities for 1989 1990 1st Qrt 1991 Net Income $34,000 $44,000 $9,000 Add: Increase in Accounts Payable $68,000 $64,000 Less: Increase in Accounts Receivable ($51,000) ($95,000) ($28,000) Increase in Inventory ($56,000) ($93,000) ($138,000) Decrease in Accounts Payable ($13,000) Cash flow from operations ($5,000) ($80,000) ($170,000) Because a statement of cash flows provides details as to how the cash account changed during a period, the period of 1988 for Butler Lumber becomes an initial starting point from which we can begin a comparison. Because of the shift from partnership to a corporate form of organization, I dont have figures from 87 and cannot accurately reflect changes from 87 to 88. Changes from 88 to 89 begin the cash flow comparison in the chart above. In the chart above, I have listed each relevant area where cash flow may be a major concern. There appears to be a growing tendency by Butler Lumber to end each period with a negative cash flow. It also appears that this tendency to end each period with a negative cash flow is growing at an alarming rate. As we can see, from 1989 to 1990, the negative cash flow worsened from $5,000 to $80,000-a whopping 1600% increase. Then, the period from the end of 1990 to only the end of the first quarter of 1991, the negative cash flow more than doubled again! IV. Mitigating Circumstances and Assumptions: By examining the statement of cash flows, we discover a major concern in three areas: (1) Inventory, (2) accounts receivable, and (3) accounts payable. All three are moving in a negative, undesirable direction; but inventory is escalating at a greater overall rate and seems to be out of control by the end of the first quarter of 1991. The greatest contributing factor causing Butler Lumbers debt and cash-shortage problem is that they are purchasing much more inventory than they are using. Having too much cash invested in their inventory is their main problem but they have some offshoot problems that tend to be growing out of their inventory problem: 1. One way that companies fund a cash-shortage problem is to keep their accounts payable high. This is an easy way to borrow short-term money, but when a company is slow to pay its bills and owes a significant amount of money, they potentially damage their credit and their business relationships with their suppliers. 2. Without adequate cash, Butler cant pay their accounts within the 30-day term allowed by vendors and this further adds cash-shortage pressures because they then must incur additional finance charges. 3. Because they are cash poor, they cant take advantage of the discounts available for payments made within 10 days of purchase. The extra discounts would help increase their cash flow and their income. V. Conclusion and Recommendation: Butler Lumber has the potential to be a profitable and successful company. The level of growth theyve been experiencing may be new territory for them and the less than perfect way theyve dealt with it might explain why there has been a huge increase in inventory. Thus far, Mr. Butler has not demonstrated a savvy business acumen for adjusting to the significant growth. I have identified the following conclusions and recommendations: 1. Northrop National Bank should help Butler by making a loan under certain prescribed conditions: (a) A loan would help to ensure an influx to Butlers cash flow position, but conditional provisions requiring Butler to be proactive in accomplishing recommended goals and deadlines would be in order; (b) The loan amount of $465,000 is probably too high. The loan amount should be established to help Butler reduce inventories and increase cash flow, but not be so large as to entice Butler to ignore the ensuing problem. Forecasted analysis would still be required; (c) Even though Butler may resist, it would not be unreasonable for Northrop to require collateral, such as property; 2. Butler should significantly reduce inventory and implement better control. (a) One of the conditions of the loan should require Butler to propose a new system and implement a plan that would make better use of their inventory. They need to analyze their inventory turnover ratios and compare them with and keep them in line with industry averages to ensure the numbers are not unreasonable or unachievable. (b) An alternative approach to reducing inventory might include hiring sales personnel who would help convert inventory into profitable sales. 3. Butler should be more aggressive in collecting their accounts receivable. This would provide more cash and, in turn, help Butler to take advantage of available discounts from their vendors. This too would further increase their cash flow and reduce the need to borrow unreasonable amounts of money. 4. Mark Butler should retain less in personal salaries and other perquisites. This would demonstrate to Northrop National that he is personally making serious attempts to increase cash flow, get out of debt, and gain control of other emerging problems. Besides, personal taxes on his income is at a fairly high rate when it rises above $50,000. This is another area where he could increase cash flow while showing that he is truly doing whatever it takes to fix the problems facing Butler Lumber.

STUDENT RESPONSE 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

STUDENT RESPONSE 3 - Assignment Example Successful recovery in economic vitality for local communities is known to synchronize local goals to larger market forces as it was before the disaster happened. Economic vitality brings with it opportunities to transform businesses and have pre-disaster planning. A disaster disorients a community and disrupts its running. To maintain its continuity and smooth recovery, it is important to formulate short term strategies for survival to manage the crisis while long term recovery is planned slowly (Haddow, Bullock, & Coppola, 2007). Introducing and implementing emergency legislation is connected to crisis management as it helps to achieve a balance in achieving sustainability. In hurricane Katrina for example, the trucks that were delayed to provide papers would not have been necessary if the people had pertinent knowledge from pre event and post event planning (Canton, 2007). After a disaster, there is pressure to act fast and almost furiously to return to normal. This may result in redevelopment processes being pursued without much attention to the environment and social equity (Claire, Saperstein, & Barbee, 1985). If so, the same unsustainable situation that was the cause of the disaster will be recreated. During crisis management, it is imp ortant to demonstrate long-term economic benefit and at the same time support short term activities geared towards economic improvement. Infusion of policies, programs, and legislation is a necessity to achieve this balance and to ensure a holistic recovery of the

Will the potential spread of democracy lead to a more secure world Essay

Will the potential spread of democracy lead to a more secure world (Contra) - Essay Example According to this theory, democracy plays an important role in maintaining peace and security. The concept further claims that democratic nations are generally peaceful and comparably less war-oriented. Consequently, the larger number of democratic nations in the global political system will lead to a smaller possibility of war and greater assurance of security and peace in the world. However, the evidence presented by various experts and researchers, including Siverson (1996), Huth (1997), Rummel (1997), Herman and Chomsky (1988), and the failure of democratization in third world countries, the presence of democratic deficit in transnational democratic organizations like, the European Union (EU), and the growing number of flawed democracies in the world have casted serious doubts on the validity of the democratic peace theory (DPT) (Ray 27-30; Herman and Chomsky1-11). On the basis of a scholarly research and available data, the present paper highlights the major flaws of democratic system and attempts to confute the assumptions of the democratic peace theory (DPT). The paper argues that only the potential spread of democracy won’t lead to more secure world, rather flawed and unmethodical promotion of democracy can lead to more instability and insecurity in the world. First of all, democratic peace theory has given overemphasis on democracy for maintaining global peace. The democratic peace theory and proponents of democratization have excessively promoted the reduced number of interstate wars in recent years, however, they intentionally ignore the growing number of intrastate wars, civil riots and ethnic conflicts in newly democratized or flawed democratic states. The primary estimation of the ethnic security dilemma is the feeling of insecurity that the opposite party may try to take over the state at one’s loss.

Le Secteur Pharmaceutique Doit Actuellement French Essay

Le Secteur Pharmaceutique Doit Actuellement French Essay Le secteur pharmaceutique doit actuellement faire face diffrents problmes. En effet, dici 2012, les leaders du march vont perdre les brevets de leurs produits vedettes. Une fois tombs dans le domaine public, ces brevets vont ainsi pouvoir profiter aux mdicaments gnriques qui gagnent de plus en plus de part de march. De plus, les gouvernements des pays industrialiss rentrent dans une politique de rduction des dpenses lies la sant ce qui a pour consquences des dremboursements de mdicaments et une baisse des prix. Il est de plus en plus complexe et long de lancer un mdicament sur le march ce qui a pour consquences daugmenter les coà »ts et de diminuer la dure de vie du produit sur le march. Face cela, les groupes de lindustrie pharmaceutique se rapproche et crent une pression concurrentielle de plus en plus importante. Lentreprise pharmaceutique Merck, consciente des challenges que lui impose son environnement, a dcid en 2009 de fusionner avec un de ses concurrents: Shering Plough. En effet, aprs Introduction Lindustrie pharmaceutique reprsente aujourdhui le secteur le plus fructueux de lconomie mondiale.Laugmentation significative de lesprance de vie, laccs de plus en plus large aux diffrents services de sant et la science en perptuel progrs sont trois des nombreux facteurs expliquant limportance de linfluence de cette industrie sur notre conomie. Bien que trs rentable, cette industrie prsente aussi diffrents obstacles pour les entreprises qui doivent ainsi relever de nombreux dfis sur ce march. En effet, celles ci doivent affronter une concurrence trs importante, notamment due aux mdicaments gnriques. De plus, les entreprises pharmaceutiques doivent faire face une vigilance croissante venant des autorits (la FDA et la EMEA) ce qui ralentit souvent la commercialisation de leurs produits. Enfin, une barrire financire freine souvent les entreprises, les budgets ncessaires la recherche et au dveloppement des produits tant excessivement importants. Afin de se maintenir sur le march, les entreprises doivent continuellement revoir leur stratgie et sont ainsi amenes se transformer en prenant dimportantes dcisions stratgiques. Cest le cas de lentreprise Merck qui, jusquen 2009, tait la 7me plus grande entreprise du march pharmaceutique et qui a dcid de fusionner avec un de ses concurrents Schering Plough, devenant ainsi le 2me leader mondial pharmaceutique. Afin de comprendre les facteurs responsables de cette dcision de fusion, nous prsenterons dans un premier temps le secteur pharmaceutique dans son ensemble et son environnement concurrentiel puis nous nous focaliserons sur lentreprise Merck. Puis dans un deuxime temps nous analyserons les causes internes et externes lentreprise qui ont encourag cette dcision. Enfin, nous tudierons la dcision de fusion plus en dtail, son droulement, ses modalits et les diffrentes consquences. Diagnostique interne et externe de lentreprise Merck 1.1 Analyse externe: le secteur pharmaceutique Lanalyse externe de lentreprise Merck a pour but de comprendre les dynamiques de lenvironnement sur sa position stratgique et va donc ainsi nous aider expliquer sa stratgie de croissance et quels ont t les attraits et ses performances. Lindustrie pharmaceutique est un secteur conomique abritant la recherche, la fabrication et la commercialisation de mdicaments destins la mdecine. Nous allons donc ainsi analyser lensemble de ce secteur en dcrivant son activit, son environnement et ses concurrents. 1.1.1 Lactivit pharmaceutique Lactivit du secteur pharmaceutique est destine produire des mdicaments. Il faut savoir que sa dfinition rpond une dfinition juridique prcise. Larticle L. 5111-1 du code de la sant publique dfinit le mdicament comme suit:  «On entend par mdicament toute substance ou composition prsente comme possdant des proprits curatives ou prventives lgard des maladies humaines ou animales, ainsi que toute substance ou composition pouvant à ªtre utilise chez lhomme ou chez lanimal ou pouvant leur à ªtre administre, en vue dtablir un diagnostic mdical ou de restaurer, corriger ou modifier leurs fonctions physiologiques en exerà §ant une action pharmacologique, immunologique ou mtabolique. » Pour quun mdicament soit commercialis, il ncessite davoir reà §u lautorisation de mise sur le march (AMM). Il est prsent sous un conditionnement spcifique, sous la marque de lexploitant, identifi par une dnomination et fabriqu industriellement. Sur le march, il existe diffrents types de mdicaments: Les mdicaments dtenant un brevet (nous verrons plus tard la notion de brevet) Les gnriques: cest une copie parfaite dun mdicament dont le brevet a expir et qui est donc tomb dans le domaine public Les biosimilaires: selon la rglementation europenne de 2004, ils reprsentent  «tout mdicament biologique de mà ªme composition qualitative et quantitative en substance active et de mà ªme forme pharmaceutique quun mdicament biologique de rfrences » Les vaccinsqui permettent de simmuniser contre une maladie infectieuse. Une partie des mdicaments doit à ªtre prescrite par une ordonnance et peut à ªtre dlivre par une officine uniquement aprs avoir prsent une prescription dun mdecin tandis quune autre est vendu en libre service dans les pharmacies. Lactivit du secteur pharmaceutique est soumise une forte rglementation. En effet, elle porte sur: * Lautorisation de mise sur le march du mdicament Un mdicament doit possder une autorisation de mise sur le march pour pouvoir à ªtre vendu. * Les rgles de prescription et de dlivrance Certains mdicaments peuvent à ªtre dlivrs sans ordonnance mdical sur simple demande au pharmacien. Cependant, la majorit des mdicaments exige une prescription. Une ordonnance doit maner dun professionnel de la sant tel quun mdecin, un dentiste ou encore un vtrinaire†¦ Concernant lordonnance, celle-ci doit à ªtre rdige aprs examen du malade et doit comporter les informations concernant le prescripteur, celles propos du mdicament (dnomination, posologie, dure du traitement) et celles propos du malade. * Les conditions de remboursement * Les essais cliniques et la recherche * La proprit intellectuelle Les molcules originales bnficient dune exclusivit de commercialisation de 20 ans la date du dpà ´t du dossier pour obtenir le brevet. Lentreprise peut faire la demande de 5 ans supplmentaires. Aprs avoir dcris lactivit de ce secteur, nous allons analyser son environnement. 1.1.2 Lenvironnement et son impact Afin de comprendre linfluence de lenvironnement pharmaceutique sur le comportement des entreprises et des clients, nous allons baser notre analyse sur le modle de Pestel. * Politique gouvernementale Les politiques gouvernementales ont une forte influence ngative sur la stratgie des entreprises du secteur. Elles sont la base des enjeux de financement des dpenses lies la sant. Actuellement, dans la majorit des pays industrialiss, les gouvernements sorientent vers une diminution des dpenses des assurances maladies. Les consquences de ces restrictions sont la baisse des prix des mdicaments ainsi que des dremboursements mais aussi la promotion des gnriques qui les place alors comme un concurrent majeur des laboratoires traditionnels du secteur pharmaceutique. En effet, les gnriques affectent les ventes de ces laboratoires et deviennent donc les principaux bnficiaires de la restriction des dpenses de sant dans les pays industrialiss. * Economie et conjoncture Lconomie a une influence ngative mais cependant limite sur la stratgie des entreprises pharmaceutiques. En effet, les nouvelles mesures conomiques sur les dpenses de sant dues une dgradation des comptes des assurances maladies ainsi que la crise financire ont pour impact: => Une baisse des ventes de lauto mdicamentation soit des mdicaments non-rembourss car les consommateurs rvaluent leurs dpenses prioritaires =>Une rduction de la valorisation boursire due la crise financire qui incite les grands groupes entrer dans une phase de rachat, de fusion et de croissance. * Les comportements socioculturels Les comportements socioculturels ont une influence globalement positive sur le secteur pharmaceutique. En effet, les besoins mdicaux insatisfaits ne cessent daugmenter, la population mondiale devient de plus en plus à ¢ge et de nouvelles pathologies se dveloppent ce qui a pour consquences une demande croissante envers les laboratoires pharmaceutiques ainsi quune tendance au dveloppement des ventes. * La lgislation Le secteur pharmaceutique est soumis de nombreuses rglementations qui entravent fortement sa croissance. En effet, trois types de rglementations influent considrablement le secteur: Les brevets: La protection dun mdicament dure de 20 25 ans mais il faut savoir que 10 13 ans sont ncessaires pour dvelopper le produit et obtenir lautorisation de mise sur le march, il ne restera donc que 10 15 ans au laboratoire pour profiter de lexclusivit du mdicament. Lautorisation de mise sur le march: le processus pour obtenir cette homologation est de plus en plus complexe et difficile La fixation des prix et le remboursement: le prix et les conditions de remboursement dun mdicament sont fixs avant son lancement sur le march afin que les gouvernements puissent contrà ´ler les dpenses de sant et de permettre un libre accs au mdicament. En conclusion, les dpenses du lancement dun mdicament ne cessent daugmenter tandis que lexclusivit et les dlais de commercialisation ne cessent de diminuer. * Les volutions technologiques Lvolution thrapeutique est le second moteur de croissance du secteur aprs les comportements socioculturels. Les laboratoires ne cessent de rpondre la demande et de samliorer. Ainsi, les mdicaments rcents et plus chers remplacent les anciens et deviennent un bien de consommation courante li la qualit de vie. Ceci a pour consquence de placer la rechercher et le dveloppement comme le moteur de lindustrie et va lui permettre de se focaliser sur des nouveaux champs de recherche. * Lcologie Actuellement, les contraintes cologiques psent considrablement sur lindustrie pharmaceutique et cela deux niveaux: Les produits et les usines des industries pharmaceutiques ont un impact sur lenvironnement. Par exemple, des rsidus de mdicament sont retrouvs dans leau cause du rejet des usines, de llimination et du recyclage de leurs dchets. Lenvironnement actuel est la source de nombreuses pathologies modernes. Afin de conclure lanalyse de lenvironnement externe de lentreprise Merck, nous pouvons dire que le secteur pharmaceutique est marqu par un besoins important en mdicament dà » au vieillissement de la population mondiale, laugmentation de pathologies nouvelles et dune augmentation de laccs aux mdicaments dans de nombreux pays. Cette industrie est marque par une innovation constante qui joue le rà ´le de moteur dans un domaine ou les anciens produits sont souvent soumis un dremboursement. Cependant, les laboratoires pharmaceutiques doivent aussi faire face une augmentation des rglementations qui engendre des coà »ts suprieurs et qui diminue la dure de vie de leur produit sur le march avant que le brevet tombe dans le domaine public. Face une stratgie gouvernementale globale qui souhaite rduire les coà »ts lis la sant, les laboratoires traditionnels doivent subir la promotion des gnriques qui devient un de leur concurrent majeur. 1.1.3 Les concurrents prsents sur le march pharmaceutique Afin danalyser de faà §on pertinente lindustrie pharmaceutique et la concurrence, nous allons dfinir le modle trs utile des 5 forces de Porter. Ce modle va rpondre la question: quel est le fondement de la concurrence dans le secteur? Et nous allons y rpondre au travers de la hirarchisation des 5 forces de Porter. * La rglementation Le secteur pharmaceutique est soumis une forte pression rglementaire. En effet, le processus dhomologation dun mdicament est de plus en plus long et complexe (Brevets, AMM†¦) Il est impos tous les nouveaux produits pour quils puissent à ªtre vendus sur le march. Ceci a donc pour consquences daugmenter les coà »ts et les dlais du lancement du produit et donc de rduire son temps de commercialisation. * Concurrence intra-sectorielle Le march pharmaceutique est un march oligopolistique soit  «un march sur lequel la concurrence est fausse du cà ´t de loffre, du fait dun trs petit nombre de vendeurs par rapport la multitude des acheteurs » En effet, le nombre de laboratoire en concurrence troite sur le mà ªme traitement est limit. Nous pouvons prendre lexemple des vaccins grippaux dtenus seulement par Sanofi-Aventis, GSK et Novantis. Cependant, cette concurrence est marque par une forte pression due la mga fusion de Pfizer/Wyeth qui ouvre donc les portes une vague de consolidation. * Les fournisseurs Les entreprises de ce secteur se sentent en position de force face aux fournisseurs notamment dans la sous-traitance dactivit non-stratgique, tandis quelles auront une relation de partenariat avec les acteurs de recherche donc les laboratoires deviennent de plus en plus indpendants. * Les substituts Les entreprises pharmaceutiques ne sont pas menaces par les produits de substitution par quil nen existe pas. Cependant, elles se sentent de plus en plus menaces par la contrefaà §on qui touche les pays mergents. En effet, elle occupe de 6 10 % du march pharmaceutique mondial. * Les nouveaux entrants Les barrires lentre du secteur sont lourdes cause des rglementations, des investissements consquent ncessaire la rechercher et au dveloppement, aux technologies. La pression des entreprises actuelles du secteur vient surtout des gnriques qui profitent des brevets tombs dans le domaine public. Ils prennent une place de plus en plus importante dans le secteur cause de la promotion de ceux-ci par une majorit de gouvernements. Concernant les biotechs, ils ont plus un rà ´le de partenaires que de menace. Pour conclure, le march pharmaceutique est peu concentr lchelle mondiale. Toutefois, elle lest bien plus lorsquon centre son analyse par classe thrapeutique oà ¹ on est en situation doligopole. En effet, dans chaque classe, les 3 premiers mdicaments les plus consomms concentre plus de la moiti des ventes de la classe. Le nombre dentreprise est en augmentation face lessor des start-up de biotechnologies bien que la tendance au rapprochement de nombreux groupes diminue le nombre doprateur sur le march. Ces rapprochements actuels sont dus la perte des brevets car les 10 premires entreprises mondiales vont perdre leurs brevets dici 2012, elles vont donc à ªtre fortement soumises la menace des gnriques qui profitent des brevets tombs dans le domaine public. De plus, les rglementations deviennent de plus en plus complexe et retarde donc la mise sur le march du produit, augmente les coà »ts et diminue sa dure de vie sur le march. 1.2 Analyse de lentreprise Merck Co Merck Co, qui est galement connu sous le nom de Merck Sharp Dohme (MSD) est lune des plus importantes socits pharmaceutique dans le monde. Cre en 1891, Merck co tait lorigine une filiale de la socit allemande Merck KgaA mais pendant la premire guerre mondiale, elle devint une socit indpendante amricaine. Aujourdhui, Merck Co emploi 51 000 employs dans 120 pays et 30 usines travers le monde. Elle a donc bien plus de poids que son ancà ªtre allemand qui lui, emploi 32800 employs travers 62 pays. En France, lentreprise est connue sous le nom de MSD. La socit Merck Co est hautement axe sur la recherche et linnovation. De la dcouverte la commercialisation, Merck Co gre tout le processus de production dune large gamme de produits novateurs dont le but est lamlioration de la sant humaine. Dans les annes 50, Merck a t le premier groupe pharmaceutique fournir un programme dassistance aux patients qui ne pouvaient accder aux soins pour des raisons financires. Aujourdhui, Merck fournit 7 programmes dassistance, ayant chacun des critres dligibilit prcis. Paralllement son activit de production et de recherche, Merck publie des manuels, livres mdicaux de rfrence, dont le Manuel Merk de diagnostique et thrapeutique connu mondialement. Merck co occupe la 7me place dans le classement des plus gros groupes pharmaceutiques mondiaux. En 2009, la socit a gnr un revenu de 27.4 milliards de dollars et un rsultat dexploitation de 4.83 milliards de dollars. Merck atteint cette rentabilit grà ¢ce au renouvellement constant de son offre mais aussi du nombre croissant de produits en dveloppement. Merck Co dtient 4 domaines dactivit stratgiques (DAS):  · Les mdicaments Ce DAS reprsente 81,3% de son activit. Merck investit la majorit de ses ressources dans la recherche et le dveloppement de ce DAS. Merck dtient plus de 40 mdicaments diffrents sur le march dans des secteurs thrapeutiques clefs tels que le cholestrol, lhypertension, lostoporose, la cardiologie et le systme respiratoire. Ce domaine regroupe tous les produits  «vache lait » de lentreprise, gnrateurs de la majorit de son chiffre daffaire, on y retrouve: Singulaire, asthme et allergies Januvia, diabte Cozaar, hypertension Vytorin et Zetia, cholestrol Isentress, sida Le domaine des mdicaments reprsente donc la partie la plus importante de lactivit de Merck  · Les vaccins Le deuxime domaine dactivit stratgique de Merck est la vaccination. La stratgie de Merck dans ce domaine est de traiter les maladies devenues rares de nos jours telles que la rougeole ou les oreillons, mais aussi les maladies oà ¹ la prvention semblait impensable telles que le cancer du col de lutrus. Ce DAS reprsente 17.8% de lactivit du groupe et constitue donc la deuxime activit la plus importante pour Merck. Le produit phare de ce DAS est le Gardasil, vaccin contre le papillomavirus, sorti rcemment, seul vaccin sur le march pouvant protger les femmes contre le cancer du col de lutrus.  · La sant animale et les produits de consommation Au-del de ces deux principales activits, Merck possde deux autres domaines dactivit stratgiques dont la part de chiffre daffaire et dinvestissement et beaucoup moins importante. Merck: la sant animale (anti parasite, gestion de la fertilit, anti infectieux†¦) et les produits de consommation type semelle, crme solaire) Les causes internes et externes de la fusion Merck/Schering 2.1 Les causes internes Diffrents vnements apparus au sein de lentreprise Merck sont lorigine de cette dcision de fusion. En effet, un nombre croissant de menaces interne lorganisation ont motiv la socit Merck dans cette dmarche stratgique. 2.1.1 La mauvaise performance conomique des annes passes Ces dernires annes, la socit Merck Co a du faire face diffrents obstacles qui ont fortement pes sur le rythme de son expansion. Dun point de vue conomique, plusieurs faits ont t responsables dune rduction considrable de ses ventes et lont affaibli: La polmique autour du mdicament anti-douleur et anti-inflammatoire Vioxx, utilis pour les traitements contre larthrite (1999-2004) a t nocive pour la socit qui sest vu accuse de commercialiser un mdicament augmentant les risques de crises cardiaques tout en cachant les rsultats de ses recherches. La socit Merck Co a t condamne payer une somme trs importante afin de ddommager les personnes victimes de ce produit mais aussi une amende. Cette polmique a pes lourdement sur la socit qui a vu ses ventes et son chiffre daffaire dgringoler et a t contraint de licencier massivement (7000 postes). La notorit de lentreprise fut alors touche et les articles de presses condamnant la socit se sont multiplis. Merck a du essuyer ces dernires annes de nombreux refus de la part des autorits amricaine quant la commercialisation de nouveaux mdicaments, notamment le Cordaptive, mdicament contre le cholestrol, qui la contraint supprimer de nouveau de nombreux postes (1200). Le groupe mettait de grands espoirs sur ce produit en termes de chiffre daffaire et lenvisageait dj comme un des produits vedette de son portefeuille futur. Enfin, Merck a du faire face de nombreuses attaques, de magasines ou de laboratoires, remettant en cause lefficacit de ses produits. Une des plus importante concernait les mdicaments Vytorine et Zetia, deux produits vedettes, accusant Merck davoir exagr leur efficacit lors des campagnes publicitaires. 2.1.2 Le problme des brevets chez Merck Le secteur pharmaceutique est soumis la contrainte des brevets et de leur expiration. Le groupe Merck, tout comme ses concurrents doit continuellement renouveler ses produits afin de pallier aux pertes engendres lorsque ses produits tombent dans le domaine public. Ces dernires annes, Merck a perdu les brevets de produits vedettes tels que Zocor (2006) et Fosamax (2008). Les ventes de ces produits ont largement chut tant dsormais soumis la loi de la concurrence. Lexpiration imminente des brevets dautres mdicaments clefs pour Merck tel que Singulair, et le faible nombre de produits en phase III, prs à ªtre lancs sur le march devenait trs inquitante pour la socit qui risquait ainsi de perdre plus de 35% de chiffre daffaire. Conscient de ce risque, la fusion avec Schering Plough permettait ainsi Merck de doubler le nombre de mdicaments en phase III (18 produits), dernire tape de dveloppement avant la commercialisation. De plus, cette fusion permettait Merck davoir accs un mdicament prometteur, le TRA, un anticoagulant prà ªt sortir sur le march en 2011. Le portefeuille de nouveaux mdicaments que Schering Plough apporterait Merck reprsentait un potentiel de ventes de 6 milliards de dollars par an. Cette fusion apporte ainsi Merck un nouveau souffle en termes de dveloppement de produits et lui offre une certaine assurance quant au renouvellement de ses mdicaments vedettes. 2.1.3 Schering Plough, un concurrent trs attractif Lancien concurrent de Merck, Schering Plough, a ralis en 2008 un chiffre daffaire de 18.5 milliards de dollars. Il dtenait de nombreux produits vedettes et un portefeuille plutà ´t vaste. A la diffrence de nombreux laboratoires, Schering Plough est peu concern par la concurrence des mdicaments gnriques ce qui rend sa gamme de produits trs attractive pour Merck. Des  «blockbusters » attirent notamment lattention de Merck: lanti-inflammatoire Remicade, Temodar, qui combat les tumeurs au cerveau, et Nasonez, contre la rhinite. Depuis plusieurs annes, Merck et Schering Plough commercialisaient ensemble les mdicaments anti-cholestrol Zetia et Vytorin via une joint-venture. En rachetant Schering Plough, Merck bnficierai alors de la totalit des ventes gnres par ces mdicaments (4.6 milliards en 2008). En fusionnant avec Schering Plough, Merck pourra renforcer sa prsence dans des domaines quil ne maitrisait pas encore. Il compte se renforcer dans loncologie, les maladies cardiovasculaires, les maladies infectieuses, limmunologie et la sant des femmes, secteurs oà ¹ Schering Plough excellait. Le domaine fminin intresse tout particulirement Merck. En effet, dj prsent grà ¢ce son vaccin contre le cancer du col de lutrus Gardasil, Merck souhaite tendre ses comptences convaincu que ce secteur deviendra une problmatique clef ces prochaines annes. Merck hritera ainsi de la pilule minidose Mercilon, le traitement pour la fertilit Puregon et le diaphragme Nuvaring jusqualors commercialiss par son concurrent. La prsence gographique de Schering Plough a aussi motiv Merck dans sa dcision de fusion. En effet Merck pourra dsormais acclrer son dveloppement linternational, Shering Plough ralisant 70% de son chiffre daffaire hors Amrique du nord. De plus, la prsence trs soutenu de Schering dans les pays mergeant (2 milliards de chiffre daffaire par an) est un atout majeur pour Merck, dont lobjectif est de conqurir ce march. En rachetant Schering Plough, Merck augmentera considrablement sa production et aura donc lopportunit de raliser dimportantes conomies dchelle 2.2 Les causes externes Grace lanalyse du secteur pharmaceutique, nous pouvons ainsi dterminer les causes externes de la fusion de Merck et Schering plough. En effet, celle-ci peut sexpliquer par le fait que ce secteur soit marqu par une rglementation de plus en plus lourde, de nouvelles politiques commerciales qui recommandent les gnriques mais aussi par un environnement concurrentiel sous pression cause des mgafusions. 2.2.1 Des rglementations lourdes Le lancement dun mdicament est soumis une rglementation de plus en plus lourde. Les laboratoires pharmaceutiques possdent des brevets qui peuvent durer jusqu 25 ans et qui protgent leurs produits. Dici 2012, les leaders du secteur, dont Merck, vont perdre les brevets de leur produits vedettes qui reprsentent pour la majorit dentre eux plus de 40% de leur chiffre daffaire. Une fois le brevet tomb dans le domaine public, les gnriques sortent lquivalent de ces mdicaments et reprsentent donc une concurrence accrue du fait de leur prix largement infrieur au produit initial des laboratoires traditionnels. Ceci reprsente donc une grosse menace pour les entreprises du march. De plus, lobtention de lautorisation de mise sur le march (AMM) et de plus en plus longue acqurir. Depuis quelques annes, les groupes pharmaceutiques ont des difficults lancer de nouveaux mdicaments car les autorits sanitaires sont devenues de plus en plus exigeantes mà ªme aprs avoir obtenu lautorisation de mise sur le march. Or, pendant ce temps, comme nous lavons dit prcdemment, les molcules vendues ont leur brevet qui tombe dans le domaine public et ils deviennent donc concurrencs par les mdicaments gnriques. Nous pouvons ainsi prendre lexemple du mdicament Singular qui reprsente 18% des ventes du groupe Merck. 2.2.2 Les politiques gouvernementales et la promotion des gnriques Beaucoup de pays industrialiss rentrent dans une politique de rduction des dpenses lies la sant (comme cest le cas actuellement en France). En effet, ils mettent en place des dremboursements et font la promotion des mdicaments gnriques qui coà »tent moins cher ce qui amne une baisse des prix des mdicaments vendus par les laboratoires pharmaceutique traditionnels. Ces nouvelles mesures conomiques sont dues la dgradation des comptes des assurances maladies. Suite cela, les groupes du secteur font face une baisse des ventes de mdicaments non-rembourss car les consommateurs revoient les priorits de leur dpense mais aussi des mdicaments gnriques qui grappillent de plus en plus de part de march. Nous pouvons prendre lexemple du plan Obama qui a dclench une vrai rvolution aux Etats-Unis, il va permettre 46 millions de personne de bnficier de mdicaments grà ¢ce leur nouvelle couverture tandis que le prix des mdicaments vont considrablement baisser. 2.2.3 La mgafusion de leurs concurrents directs Face aux conjonctures actuelles du secteur, les leaders du groupe se rapprochent afin de fusionner et de devenir plus fort comme à §a a t le cas de Pfizer et Myeth au cours de 2007. Ces rapprochements crent une forte pression concurrentielle sur le march. En effet, elles permettent de toucher plusieurs domaines thrapeutiques, de raliser des conomies dchelle et de bnficier des brevets restant. Cette fusion est donc lorigine dun colosse sur le march avec un chiffre daffaire de 75 milliards de dollars. Le nouveau grant se place donc la place de numro 1 sur le march. Cette croissance se fera seulement quelques moi avant celle de Merck et Schering plough. Pour conclure, les causes externes de la fusion de Merck et Schering Plough sont les suivantes: 1 Laugmentation des coà »ts et des dlais de la mise sur le march de leurs produits diminuant ainsi le cycle de vie de leur vente 2 La perte de leurs brevets de leurs produits vedettes qui vont donc amener une diminution de leur chiffre daffaire 3 Les nouvelles politiques gouvernementales qui ont pour consquence de diminuer le prix des mdicaments, de faire des dremboursement et de promouvoir les gnriques 4 Laugmentation des parts de marchs des gnriques qui profitent de la tombe des brevets dans le domaine public ainsi que des nouvelles politiques gouvernementales 5 Le rapprochement de Pfizer et Myeth qui les a propulss au rang de numro 1 mondial Analyse de la dcision stratgique: Loffre publique dachat de Schering par Merck Co 3.1 Le droulement chronologique Cest dans un contexte 2009, difficile et touch par la crise, que pourtant le secteur pharmaceutique voit ses plus grands acteurs lancer des OPA sur leurs concurrents, fusionner. Les pressions de lenvironnement et du secteur pharmaceutique que lon a pu dcrire dans les parties prcdentes vont peu peu porter leurs fruits, ou consquence, chez MerckCo. Ainsi peine un mois aprs la fusion du numro 1 mondial du secteur pharmaceutique avec lun de ses concurrents, Merck, alors second leader mondial, lance son tour une O.P.A., amicale. LO.P.A. amicale signifiant bien que le but est de sallier afin de faire face une concurrence accrue. En effet cest le 9 mars 2009, aprs de longues semaines de rumeurs sur les marchs de Wall Street, quenfin est officialis laccord tabli entre les conseils dadministration des deux laboratoires amricains, Merck et Schering-Plough. Un accord ferme de fusion entre les deux entits. A ce moment la finalisation de la transaction est dj prvue pour le quatrime trimestre 2009. Les termes de laccord sont clairs, la nouvelle entit conservera le nom de  «Merck » et la compensation globale pour Schering-Plough sera de 41,1 Milliards de dollars en numraires et actions. La somme sera rpartie comme suit: 44% en argent comptant et 56% en actions. Cependant le chemin sera long, nourri de rebondissements, pour atteindre le jour oà ¹ la transaction est ralise: la clà ´ture de Wall Street, le 3 Novembre 2009. Un temps ncessaire en effet la mise en place dune telle transaction et son approbation et autorisation par les diffrentes parties prenantes. 3.2 Le financement et les parties prenantes 41,1 Milliards de dollars, avec cette somme faramineuse, la fusion entre Merck et Schering-Plough entre dans le  «Top 5 » des plus grosses fusions-acquisitions de 2009. Alors quon dit le secteur fragile, soumis aux diverses pressions (tatiques, boursires, lgales), comment Merck a-t-il pu financer un tel montant? On la vu, la somme est divise en numraire et en actions. Merck possdant une bonne trsorerie, a ainsi pu sautofinancer en grande partie. Il libre de ses caisses existantes 9,8 Milliards de dollars, et met 22,8 Milliards de dollars en actions Merck. Pour le reste de la somme, cest le cabinet J.P. MORGAN, spcialiste du financement dinvestissement, qui donne son accord Merck pour un prà ªt dune valeur de 8,5 Milliards de dollars. Le financement structur, laccord entre les diffrents conseils dadmini